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The Wool Exchange (waterstones&#x29

Here is an hdr photograph taken from The Wool Exchange which now hosts Waterstones bookstore in Bradford. Located in Bradford, Yorkshire, England, UK. (taken with kind permission of the administration). Here is an hdr photograph taken from The Wool Exchange which now hosts Waterstones bookstore in Bradford. Located in Bradford, Yorkshire, England, UK. (taken with kind permission of the administration)

High angle view of pretty student

High angle view of pretty student with white background

Illuminated Manuscript Baburnamah, Walters Art Museum Ms. W.596, fol. 7a

In this leaf Babur and his men stop for the night before crossing the Indus river on their way to Hindustan See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=1759 Written originally in Chaghatay Turkish and later translated into Persian, Bāburnāmah is the story of a Timurid ruler of Fergana (Central Asia), Ẓahīr al-Dīn Muḥammad Bābur (866 AH /1483 CE - 937 AH / 1530 CE), who conquered northern India and established the Mughal Empire. The present codex, being a fragment of a dispersed copy, was executed most probably in the late 10th AH /16th CE century. It contains 30 mostly full-page miniatures in fine Mughal style by at least two different artists. Another major fragment of this work (57 folios) is in the State Museum of Eastern Cultures, Moscow. In this leaf Babur and his men stop for the night before crossing the Indus river on their way to Hindustan See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=1759 Written originally in Chaghatay Turkish and later translated into Persian, Bāburnāmah is the story of a Timurid ruler of Fergana (Central Asia), Ẓahīr al-Dīn Muḥammad Bābur (866 AH /1483 CE - 937 AH / 1530 CE), who conquered northern India and established the Mughal Empire. The present codex, being a fragment of a dispersed copy, was executed most probably in the late 10th AH /16th CE century. It contains 30 mostly full-page miniatures in fine Mughal style by at least two different artists. Another major fragment of this work (57 folios) is in the State Museum of Eastern Cultures, Moscow.

Illuminated Manuscript Walters Art Museum Ms. W.554, fol. 36a

This horizontal-format manuscript on parchment is a collection of illuminated fragments of the Qur'an, dating to the late third century AH / ninth CE and possibly to the fifth century AH / eleventh CE. The earlier text is written in an Early Abbasid (Kufic) script, and the later text is in a hand influenced by the New Abbasid (broken cursive) style. Both are in dark brown ink and vocalized with red dots. The codex opens with an illuminated frontispiece (fol. 1a) of geometric design and closes with a similarly decorated finispiece (fol. 77b). Illuminated forms include chapter headings in gold ink with polychrome palmettes extending into the margin, tashdīds highlighted in gold ink, and verse markers for individual verses and groups of five and ten verses. The blind-tooled black goatskin binding, which is attributable to Egypt, is an important example of early Islamic bookbinding. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=31211. This horizontal-format manuscript on parchment is a collection of illuminated fragments of the Qur'an, dating to the late third century AH / ninth CE and possibly to the fifth century AH / eleventh CE. The earlier text is written in an Early Abbasid (Kufic) script, and the later text is in a hand influenced by the New Abbasid (broken cursive) style. Both are in dark brown ink and vocalized with red dots. The codex opens with an illuminated frontispiece (fol. 1a) of geometric design and closes with a similarly decorated finispiece (fol. 77b). Illuminated forms include chapter headings in gold ink with polychrome palmettes extending into the margin, tashdīds highlighted in gold ink, and verse markers for individual verses and groups of five and ten verses. The blind-tooled black goatskin binding, which is attributable to Egypt, is an important example of early Islamic bookbinding. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=31211

Illuminated Manuscript of Two works on Precious Stones, Walters Art Museum Ms. W.589, fol. 33b

A codex containing two short works on precious stones ascribed to Jamāl al-Dīn al-Tifāshī and Aristotle respectively. The piece attributed to Aristotle, the beginning of which you see here, is likely to be a short paraphrase of or an extract from his Liber mineralium (or Lapidarius). This anonymous copy was penned in 989 AH / 1581 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=33834. A codex containing two short works on precious stones ascribed to Jamāl al-Dīn al-Tifāshī and Aristotle respectively. The piece attributed to Aristotle, the beginning of which you see here, is likely to be a short paraphrase of or an extract from his Liber mineralium (or Lapidarius). This anonymous copy was penned in 989 AH / 1581 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=33834

Ancient Library, Angkor Wat

Ancient Library located in the grounds of Angkor Wat, Siem Reap, Cambodia. Ancient Library located in the grounds of Angkor Wat, Siem Reap, Cambodia

The Leeds Library

Here is a photograph taken from The Leeds Library, which is a private subscription library. Located in Leeds, Yorkshire, England, UK. (taken with kind permission of the administration)

Smartphone or phablet and old books

Smartphone or phablet and old books

Shouting female pointing with pencil

High angle view of shouting female pointing with pencil with white background

View of the Patio of the Coimbra University

View of the Patio of the Coimbra University, Portugal

Enormous gravel heaps at a pit

Yes, we have pyramids in Denmark, too. I saw these enormous gravel heaps at a pit side, and couldn't resist the very beautiful structure from millions of years old sediments reflecting in the sunshine. The picture also shows the top of the conveyor belt and the heavy machinery in the background. Very fine picture for illustrating books or articles about the basic raw materials for a lot of industries, road building, and for geography etc.

Illuminated Manuscript Koran, Walters Art Museum Ms. W.553, fol.5a

This horizontal-format manuscript on parchment is an illuminated fragment of the Qur'an, containing portions of chapters 4 (Sūrat al-nisāʾ), 6 (Sūrat al-anʿām), 7 (Sūrat al-aʿrāf), and 10 (Sūrat Yūnus). The fragment probably dates to the third century AH / ninth CE. The text is written in an Early Abbasid (Kufic) script in dark brown ink and vocalized with red and green dots. Verse markers in the shape of a stylized letter hā' and rosettes indicate groups of five and ten verses. The text is framed by later red, blue, and gold framing lines and a polychrome and gold floral border. The black blind-tooled leather binding with central lobed, pointed oval and pendants is attributable to the thirteenth century AH / nineteenth CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Museum Website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=3124. This horizontal-format manuscript on parchment is an illuminated fragment of the Qur'an, containing portions of chapters 4 (Sūrat al-nisāʾ), 6 (Sūrat al-anʿām), 7 (Sūrat al-aʿrāf), and 10 (Sūrat Yūnus). The fragment probably dates to the third century AH / ninth CE. The text is written in an Early Abbasid (Kufic) script in dark brown ink and vocalized with red and green dots. Verse markers in the shape of a stylized letter hā' and rosettes indicate groups of five and ten verses. The text is framed by later red, blue, and gold framing lines and a polychrome and gold floral border. The black blind-tooled leather binding with central lobed, pointed oval and pendants is attributable to the thirteenth century AH / nineteenth CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Museum Website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=3124

Illuminated Manuscript depicting the Fall of Samarkand from Baburnama, Walters Art Museum, Ms. W.596, fol.24a

Written originally in Chaghatay Turkish and later translated into Persian, Bāburnāmah is the story of a Timurid ruler of Fergana (Central Asia), Ẓahīr al-Dīn Muḥammad Bābur (866 AH /1483 CE - 937 AH / 1530 CE), who conquered northern India and established the Mughal Empire. The present codex, being a fragment of a dispersed copy, was executed most probably in the late 10th AH /16th CE century. It contains 30 mostly full-page miniatures in fine Mughal style by at least two different artists. Another major fragment of this work (57 folios) is in the State Museum of Eastern Cultures, Moscow. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=1759. Written originally in Chaghatay Turkish and later translated into Persian, Bāburnāmah is the story of a Timurid ruler of Fergana (Central Asia), Ẓahīr al-Dīn Muḥammad Bābur (866 AH /1483 CE - 937 AH / 1530 CE), who conquered northern India and established the Mughal Empire. The present codex, being a fragment of a dispersed copy, was executed most probably in the late 10th AH /16th CE century. It contains 30 mostly full-page miniatures in fine Mughal style by at least two different artists. Another major fragment of this work (57 folios) is in the State Museum of Eastern Cultures, Moscow. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=1759

The very smart dog studying old books in library

The very smart dog studying old books in library

Antique book lies isolated

Antique book lies isolated on white background

View of the Patio of the Coimbra University

View of the Patio of the Coimbra University, Portugal

Boston's public library extrerior

Exterior of the new york public library in Boston. Exterior of the new york public library in Boston

old books, papers, ink pen and inkpot on black

old books, papers, ink pen and inkpot on black

Wilted rose flower on the music paper

Wilted rose flower on the music paper (small DOF)

School girl looking upward

School girl looking upward on an isolated white background

Old books at attic

Old books at attic

Top view of smiling female looking at camera

Top view of smiling female looking at camera against white background

North America Book and Toke Book

North America Book and Toke Book

Facade of the main building of the Coimbra

Facade of the main building of the Coimbra University - Portugal. It was founded on 1290 and it is one of the oldest university of the world

Cactus on old books

Cactus on old books

View of the Patio of the Coimbra University

View of the Patio of the Coimbra University, Portugal

Blue and Gold Cover Book on Brown Wooden Shelf

Blue and Gold Cover Book on Brown Wooden Shelf

Grandfather, grandsons and notebook

Boy playing on the computer while grandfather teaching it. Boy playing on the computer while grandfather teaching it

The Leeds Library

Here is an hdr photograph taken from The Leeds Library, which is a private subscription based library. Located in Leeds, Yorkshire, England, UK. (taken with kind permission of the administration)

Illuminated Manuscript Map of Sardina from Book of Navigation, Walters Art Museum, Ms. W.658, fol. 226b

Originally composed in 932 AH / 1525 CE and dedicated to Sultan Süleyman I ("The Magnificent"), this great work by Piri Reis (d. 962 AH / 1555 CE) on navigation was later revised and expanded. The present manuscript, made mostly in the late 11th AH / 17th CE century, is based on the later expanded version with some 240 exquisitely executed maps and portolan charts. They include a world map (fol.41a) with the outline of the Americas, as well as coastlines (bays, capes, peninsulas), islands, mountains and cities of the Mediterranean basin and the Black Sea. The work starts with the description of the coastline of Anatolia and the islands of the Aegean Sea, the Peloponnese peninsula and eastern and western coasts of the Adriatic Sea. It then proceeds to describe the western shores of Italy, southern France, Spain, North Africa, Palestine, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, western Anatolia, various islands north of Crete, Sea of Marmara, Bosporus and the Black Sea. It ends with a map of the shores of the the Caspian Sea (fol.374a). This leaf is a map of Sardinia. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=19195. Originally composed in 932 AH / 1525 CE and dedicated to Sultan Süleyman I ("The Magnificent"), this great work by Piri Reis (d. 962 AH / 1555 CE) on navigation was later revised and expanded. The present manuscript, made mostly in the late 11th AH / 17th CE century, is based on the later expanded version with some 240 exquisitely executed maps and portolan charts. They include a world map (fol.41a) with the outline of the Americas, as well as coastlines (bays, capes, peninsulas), islands, mountains and cities of the Mediterranean basin and the Black Sea. The work starts with the description of the coastline of Anatolia and the islands of the Aegean Sea, the Peloponnese peninsula and eastern and western coasts of the Adriatic Sea. It then proceeds to describe the western shores of Italy, southern France, Spain, North Africa, Palestine, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, western Anatolia, various islands north of Crete, Sea of Marmara, Bosporus and the Black Sea. It ends with a map of the shores of the the Caspian Sea (fol.374a). This leaf is a map of Sardinia. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=19195

An open book on white background

An open book on white background close up

Illuminated Manuscript Koran, Illuminated incipit page with headpiece inscribed with the chapter heading for Sūrat Maryam, Walte

A fragment of the Koran (Qur'an) covering the chapters 19 (Mariam) through 23 ( al-Muʾminūn) written on Italian paper in a large Maghribi script, with vocalization in red ink, in the 12th AH / 18th CE century. Shown here is the illuminated incipit page with a headpiece carrying the chapter heading (Maryam) in a decorative New Abbasid Style ('broken cursive') in the central medallion in gold. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=38427. A fragment of the Koran (Qur'an) covering the chapters 19 (Mariam) through 23 ( al-Muʾminūn) written on Italian paper in a large Maghribi script, with vocalization in red ink, in the 12th AH / 18th CE century. Shown here is the illuminated incipit page with a headpiece carrying the chapter heading (Maryam) in a decorative New Abbasid Style ('broken cursive') in the central medallion in gold. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=38427

Sitting student showing chart

Sitting student showing chart on an isolated background

Ancient yellowed book

Ancient yellowed book is lying on the table

Antique book stands isolated

Antique book stands isolated on white background

Old Books and Blackboard.

Old Books and Blackboard.

Set of encyclopedias

Set of encyclopedias on a shelf in black and white.

Pile of old books, isolated on white. History.

Pile of old books, isolated on white. History.

Burning and melting, Bride with mourners carrying the bridegroom's coffin, Walters Manuscript W.649, fol. 14a

Overcome with grief, the young Hindu woman accompanies her bridegroom’s coffin to the funeral pyre and decides to commit sati (self-immolation). An elegantly calligraphed, illuminated and illustrated copy of the poem Sūz va gudāz ('Burning and melting') by Nawʿī Khabūshānī (d.1019 AH /1610 CE) which recounts the love story of a Hindu girl who decides to burn herself on the pyre of her betrothed killed accidentally just before their marriage. Here the young man's coffin is being carried in the presence of his bride-to-be. The present codex was penned by Ibn Sayyid Murād al-Ḥusaynī and illustrated by Muḥammad ʿAlī Mashhadī in 1068 AH / 1657 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=30391. Overcome with grief, the young Hindu woman accompanies her bridegroom’s coffin to the funeral pyre and decides to commit sati (self-immolation). An elegantly calligraphed, illuminated and illustrated copy of the poem Sūz va gudāz ('Burning and melting') by Nawʿī Khabūshānī (d.1019 AH /1610 CE) which recounts the love story of a Hindu girl who decides to burn herself on the pyre of her betrothed killed accidentally just before their marriage. Here the young man's coffin is being carried in the presence of his bride-to-be. The present codex was penned by Ibn Sayyid Murād al-Ḥusaynī and illustrated by Muḥammad ʿAlī Mashhadī in 1068 AH / 1657 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=30391

Pile of old books

Pile of old books

Young female student with thumbs up

Young female student with thumbs up on an isolated background

Pile of old books

Pile of old books

Illuminated Manuscript of the Baburnamah, Walters Art Museum Ms. W.596, fol. 28b

Written originally in Chaghatay Turkish and later translated into Persian, Bāburnāmah is the story of a Timurid ruler of Fergana (Central Asia), Ẓahīr al-Dīn Muḥammad Bābur (866 AH /1483 CE - 937 AH / 1530 CE), who conquered northern India and established the Mughal Empire. The present codex, being a fragment of a dispersed copy, was executed most probably in the late 10th AH /16th CE century. It contains 30 mostly full-page miniatures in fine Mughal style by at least two different artists. Another major fragment of this work (57 folios) is in the State Museum of Eastern Cultures, Moscow. Shown here are the date trees of Hindustan See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=1759. Written originally in Chaghatay Turkish and later translated into Persian, Bāburnāmah is the story of a Timurid ruler of Fergana (Central Asia), Ẓahīr al-Dīn Muḥammad Bābur (866 AH /1483 CE - 937 AH / 1530 CE), who conquered northern India and established the Mughal Empire. The present codex, being a fragment of a dispersed copy, was executed most probably in the late 10th AH /16th CE century. It contains 30 mostly full-page miniatures in fine Mughal style by at least two different artists. Another major fragment of this work (57 folios) is in the State Museum of Eastern Cultures, Moscow. Shown here are the date trees of Hindustan See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=1759

Young happy student in gown

Young student in gown near the university. Young student in gown near the university

Graduation cap on top of book pile

Blue Graduation cap on top of book pile

Pocket watch and book (polloq)

Pocket watch and book on glass table. Pocket watch and book on glass table

Church, bell tower

churches, religion, religious, christ, jesus, prayer. churches, religion, religious, christ, jesus, prayer

Illuminated Manuscript of Collection of prayers for the Prophet Muhammad, The right side of a double page composition featuring t

This is a leaf from anelegantly penned and illuminated copy of the well-known collection of prayers for the prophet Muhammad entitled Dalāʾil al-khayrāt and composed by Muḥammad al-Jazūlī (d.877 AH / 1472 CE). Written on paper in Turkish naskh script, this prayer book was probably made in the 11th AH / 17th CE century. It contains an illustration featuring the mosque compound in Medina with the tombs of Muhammad, Abū Bakr and ʿUma See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=30971. This is a leaf from anelegantly penned and illuminated copy of the well-known collection of prayers for the prophet Muhammad entitled Dalāʾil al-khayrāt and composed by Muḥammad al-Jazūlī (d.877 AH / 1472 CE). Written on paper in Turkish naskh script, this prayer book was probably made in the 11th AH / 17th CE century. It contains an illustration featuring the mosque compound in Medina with the tombs of Muhammad, Abū Bakr and ʿUma See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=30971

Pile of old books with pink flowers

Pile of old books with pink flowers

Book reading glasses and red bookmark

A reading-glasses, and an open book with a red bookmark. A reading-glasses, and an open book with a red bookmark

Chetham's Library

Here is an hdr photograph taken from Chetham's Library. The library is one of the oldest public libraries in Britain. Both Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels spent time studying and reading in this library. Located in Manchester, Greater Manchester, England, UK.

Illuminated Manuscript, Map of Western hemisphere within a windrose, from Book on Navigation, Walters Art Museum Ms. W.658, fol.24

Originally composed in 932 AH / 1525 CE and dedicated to Sultan Süleyman I ("The Magnificent"), this great work by Piri Reis (d. 962 AH / 1555 CE) on navigation was later revised and expanded. The present manuscript, made mostly in the late 11th AH / 17th CE century, is based on the later expanded version with some 240 exquisitely executed maps and portolan charts. They include a world map (fol.41a) with the outline of the Americas, as well as coastlines (bays, capes, peninsulas), islands, mountains and cities of the Mediterranean basin and the Black Sea. The work starts with the description of the coastline of Anatolia and the islands of the Aegean Sea, the Peloponnese peninsula and eastern and western coasts of the Adriatic Sea. It then proceeds to describe the western shores of Italy, southern France, Spain, North Africa, Palestine, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, western Anatolia, various islands north of Crete, Sea of Marmara, Bosporus and the Black Sea. It ends with a map of the shores of the the Caspian Sea (fol.374a). Virtually turn the pages of this entire manuscript on Walters Ex Libris Access high-resolution archival images of this manuscript and a complete manuscript description for free on the Digital Walters at purl.thewalters.org/art/W.922/browse. Originally composed in 932 AH / 1525 CE and dedicated to Sultan Süleyman I ("The Magnificent"), this great work by Piri Reis (d. 962 AH / 1555 CE) on navigation was later revised and expanded. The present manuscript, made mostly in the late 11th AH / 17th CE century, is based on the later expanded version with some 240 exquisitely executed maps and portolan charts. They include a world map (fol.41a) with the outline of the Americas, as well as coastlines (bays, capes, peninsulas), islands, mountains and cities of the Mediterranean basin and the Black Sea. The work starts with the description of the coastline of Anatolia and the islands of the Aegean Sea, the Peloponnese peninsula and eastern and western coasts of the Adriatic Sea. It then proceeds to describe the western shores of Italy, southern France, Spain, North Africa, Palestine, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, western Anatolia, various islands north of Crete, Sea of Marmara, Bosporus and the Black Sea. It ends with a map of the shores of the the Caspian Sea (fol.374a). Virtually turn the pages of this entire manuscript on Walters Ex Libris Access high-resolution archival images of this manuscript and a complete manuscript description for free on the Digital Walters at purl.thewalters.org/art/W.922/browse

Pile of old books

Pile of old books

Vector illustration of shelf with old books.

Vector illustration of shelf with old books.

Surprised student looking into book

Surprised student looking into book on an isolated background

Red-haired businesswoman keep book in hand.

Red-haired businesswoman keep book in hand.

Ten years old girl with a books

Ten years old girl with a books

Set of 7 gorgeous old vintage items. Old dishes, appliances, kettles, chairs, books, candlesticks, picture frames. Isolated on whi

Set of 7 gorgeous old vintage items. Old dishes, appliances, kettles, chairs, books, candlesticks, picture frames. Isolated on whi

Manchester Central Library

Here is an hdr photograph taken from inside Manchester Central Library. Located in Manchester, Greater Manchester, England, UK.

The John Rylands Library

Here is an hdr photograph taken from the John Rylands Library. Located in Manchester, Greater Manchester, England, UK.

Illuminated Manuscript Koran, Walters Art Museum Ms. W.552, fol. 2a

This horizontal-format manuscript on parchment is an illuminated fragment of the Qur'an, covering chapter 6 (Sūrat al-anʿām), the end of verse 54, through chapter 9 (Sūrat al-tawbah), verse 79. The fragment probably dates to the third century AH / ninth CE. The text is written in an Early Abbasid (Kufic) script in dark brown ink and vocalized with red dots. Chapter headings are in gold ink, and verse markers in the shape of a stylized letter hā' and rosettes with colored dots indicate groups of five and ten verses. The green goatskin binding with gold-painted central floral design and cornerpieces is thirteenth century AH / nineteenth CE or later. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Museum Website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=1528. This horizontal-format manuscript on parchment is an illuminated fragment of the Qur'an, covering chapter 6 (Sūrat al-anʿām), the end of verse 54, through chapter 9 (Sūrat al-tawbah), verse 79. The fragment probably dates to the third century AH / ninth CE. The text is written in an Early Abbasid (Kufic) script in dark brown ink and vocalized with red dots. Chapter headings are in gold ink, and verse markers in the shape of a stylized letter hā' and rosettes with colored dots indicate groups of five and ten verses. The green goatskin binding with gold-painted central floral design and cornerpieces is thirteenth century AH / nineteenth CE or later. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Museum Website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=1528

Illuminated Manuscript Map of the Islands of the Adriatic Coast from Book on Navigation, Walters Art Museum Ms. W.658, fol. 208a

Originally composed in 932 AH / 1525 CE and dedicated to Sultan Süleyman I ("The Magnificent"), this great work by Piri Reis (d. 962 AH / 1555 CE) on navigation was later revised and expanded. The present manuscript, made mostly in the late 11th AH / 17th CE century, is based on the later expanded version with some 240 exquisitely executed maps and portolan charts. They include a world map (fol.41a) with the outline of the Americas, as well as coastlines (bays, capes, peninsulas), islands, mountains and cities of the Mediterranean basin and the Black Sea. The work starts with the description of the coastline of Anatolia and the islands of the Aegean Sea, the Peloponnese peninsula and eastern and western coasts of the Adriatic Sea. It then proceeds to describe the western shores of Italy, southern France, Spain, North Africa, Palestine, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, western Anatolia, various islands north of Crete, Sea of Marmara, Bosporus and the Black Sea. It ends with a map of the shores of the the Caspian Sea (fol.374a). See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=19195. Originally composed in 932 AH / 1525 CE and dedicated to Sultan Süleyman I ("The Magnificent"), this great work by Piri Reis (d. 962 AH / 1555 CE) on navigation was later revised and expanded. The present manuscript, made mostly in the late 11th AH / 17th CE century, is based on the later expanded version with some 240 exquisitely executed maps and portolan charts. They include a world map (fol.41a) with the outline of the Americas, as well as coastlines (bays, capes, peninsulas), islands, mountains and cities of the Mediterranean basin and the Black Sea. The work starts with the description of the coastline of Anatolia and the islands of the Aegean Sea, the Peloponnese peninsula and eastern and western coasts of the Adriatic Sea. It then proceeds to describe the western shores of Italy, southern France, Spain, North Africa, Palestine, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, western Anatolia, various islands north of Crete, Sea of Marmara, Bosporus and the Black Sea. It ends with a map of the shores of the the Caspian Sea (fol.374a). See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=19195

Core Values and Ethics. Stack of old books on a wooden background

Core Values and Ethics. Stack of old books on a wooden background

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