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Aleppo codex - medieval bound manuscript of the Hebrew Bible

Aleppo codex - medieval bound manuscript of the Hebrew Bible

Cacao tree at Codex Tudela

Cacao tree at Codex Tudela

Notebook (Codex Forster I2), 1490-3, by Leonardo Da Vinci

Notebook (Codex Forster I2), 1490-3, by Leonardo Da Vinci

Fragment of the Madrid Codex

Fragment of the Madrid Codex

Closeup of original Codex Borgia book from the ancient aztecs. 16th century painted manuscript.

Closeup of original Codex Borgia book from the ancient aztecs. 16th century painted manuscript.

Parchment, codex, manuscript, skin

Parchment, codex, manuscript, skin

A page of codex. Aztec Empire, reign of Emperor

A page of codex. Aztec Empire, reign of Emperor

Golden devil from Codex Gigas

Golden devil from Codex Gigas

Codex gigas also called Devil s bible

Codex gigas also called Devil s bible

Mayan Aztec deities codex style illustration

Mayan Aztec deities codex style illustration

Codex gigas also called Devil s bible

Codex gigas also called Devil s bible

Beautiful old library with over 17000 books. The biggest handwritten book of the world - Codex Gigas Devilâ€™s Bible was placed he

Beautiful old library with over 17000 books. The biggest handwritten book of the world - Codex Gigas Devilâ€™s Bible was placed he

Mayan Codex Hieroglyph Writing, Mexico City

Mayan Codex Hieroglyph Writing, Mexico City

Codex gigas also called Devil s bible

Codex gigas also called Devil s bible

Hernan Cortes arrives Tenochtitlan. Codex Azcatitlan

Hernan Cortes arrives Tenochtitlan. Codex Azcatitlan

Johannes Simon Holtzbecker (1610/20-1671) "Gottorfer Codex", 1649-59., KKSgb2948-24

a: Rosa gallica; (apoteker-rose); b: Rosa Ã—alba; (hvid rose), fyldt; c: Rosa gallica var. versicolor; (rosa mundi), fyldt; d: Rosa Ã—centifolia, (centifolie-rose), fyldt, KKSgb2948-24 Statens Museum for Kunst / National Gallery of Denmark. www.smk.dk. a: Rosa gallica; (apoteker-rose); b: Rosa Ã—alba; (hvid rose), fyldt; c: Rosa gallica var. versicolor; (rosa mundi), fyldt; d: Rosa Ã—centifolia, (centifolie-rose), fyldt, KKSgb2948-24 Statens Museum for Kunst / National Gallery of Denmark. www.smk.dk

Johannes Simon Holtzbecker (1610/20-1671) "Gottorfer Codex", 1649-59., KKSgb2948-41

Rhus typhina; (hjortetaktræ), KKSgb2948-41 Statens Museum for Kunst / National Gallery of Denmark. www.smk.dk. Rhus typhina; (hjortetaktræ), KKSgb2948-41 Statens Museum for Kunst / National Gallery of Denmark. www.smk.dk

Johannes Simon Holtzbecker (1610/20-1671) "Gottorfer Codex", 1649-59., KKSgb2947-55

a-e: Tulipa gesneriana; (have-tulipan), virusinficeret, KKSgb2947/55. Statens Museum for Kunst / National Gallery of Denmark. www.smk.dk. a-e: Tulipa gesneriana; (have-tulipan), virusinficeret, KKSgb2947/55. Statens Museum for Kunst / National Gallery of Denmark. www.smk.dk

Johannes Simon Holtzbecker (1610/20-1671) "Gottorfer Codex", 1649-59., KKSgb2947-44

Tulipa gesneriana; (have-tulipan), grenet, fyldt, KKSgb2947/44. Statens Museum for Kunst / National Gallery of Denmark. www.smk.dk. Tulipa gesneriana; (have-tulipan), grenet, fyldt, KKSgb2947/44. Statens Museum for Kunst / National Gallery of Denmark. www.smk.dk

Johannes Simon Holtzbecker (1610/20-1671) "Gottorfer Codex", 1649-59., KKSgb2947-82

Lilium candidum; (madonna-lilje), KKSgb2947/82. Statens Museum for Kunst / National Gallery of Denmark. www.smk.dk. Lilium candidum; (madonna-lilje), KKSgb2947/82. Statens Museum for Kunst / National Gallery of Denmark. www.smk.dk

Illuminated Manuscript of Two works on Precious Stones, Walters Art Museum Ms. W.589, fol. 33b

A codex containing two short works on precious stones ascribed to Jamāl al-Dīn al-Tifāshī and Aristotle respectively. The piece attributed to Aristotle, the beginning of which you see here, is likely to be a short paraphrase of or an extract from his Liber mineralium (or Lapidarius). This anonymous copy was penned in 989 AH / 1581 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=33834. A codex containing two short works on precious stones ascribed to Jamāl al-Dīn al-Tifāshī and Aristotle respectively. The piece attributed to Aristotle, the beginning of which you see here, is likely to be a short paraphrase of or an extract from his Liber mineralium (or Lapidarius). This anonymous copy was penned in 989 AH / 1581 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=33834

Illuminated Manuscript Walters Art Museum Ms. W.554, fol. 36a

This horizontal-format manuscript on parchment is a collection of illuminated fragments of the Qur'an, dating to the late third century AH / ninth CE and possibly to the fifth century AH / eleventh CE. The earlier text is written in an Early Abbasid (Kufic) script, and the later text is in a hand influenced by the New Abbasid (broken cursive) style. Both are in dark brown ink and vocalized with red dots. The codex opens with an illuminated frontispiece (fol. 1a) of geometric design and closes with a similarly decorated finispiece (fol. 77b). Illuminated forms include chapter headings in gold ink with polychrome palmettes extending into the margin, tashdīds highlighted in gold ink, and verse markers for individual verses and groups of five and ten verses. The blind-tooled black goatskin binding, which is attributable to Egypt, is an important example of early Islamic bookbinding. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=31211. This horizontal-format manuscript on parchment is a collection of illuminated fragments of the Qur'an, dating to the late third century AH / ninth CE and possibly to the fifth century AH / eleventh CE. The earlier text is written in an Early Abbasid (Kufic) script, and the later text is in a hand influenced by the New Abbasid (broken cursive) style. Both are in dark brown ink and vocalized with red dots. The codex opens with an illuminated frontispiece (fol. 1a) of geometric design and closes with a similarly decorated finispiece (fol. 77b). Illuminated forms include chapter headings in gold ink with polychrome palmettes extending into the margin, tashdīds highlighted in gold ink, and verse markers for individual verses and groups of five and ten verses. The blind-tooled black goatskin binding, which is attributable to Egypt, is an important example of early Islamic bookbinding. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=31211

Illuminated Manuscript Baburnamah, Walters Art Museum Ms. W.596, fol. 7a

In this leaf Babur and his men stop for the night before crossing the Indus river on their way to Hindustan See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=1759 Written originally in Chaghatay Turkish and later translated into Persian, Bāburnāmah is the story of a Timurid ruler of Fergana (Central Asia), Ẓahīr al-Dīn Muḥammad Bābur (866 AH /1483 CE - 937 AH / 1530 CE), who conquered northern India and established the Mughal Empire. The present codex, being a fragment of a dispersed copy, was executed most probably in the late 10th AH /16th CE century. It contains 30 mostly full-page miniatures in fine Mughal style by at least two different artists. Another major fragment of this work (57 folios) is in the State Museum of Eastern Cultures, Moscow. In this leaf Babur and his men stop for the night before crossing the Indus river on their way to Hindustan See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=1759 Written originally in Chaghatay Turkish and later translated into Persian, Bāburnāmah is the story of a Timurid ruler of Fergana (Central Asia), Ẓahīr al-Dīn Muḥammad Bābur (866 AH /1483 CE - 937 AH / 1530 CE), who conquered northern India and established the Mughal Empire. The present codex, being a fragment of a dispersed copy, was executed most probably in the late 10th AH /16th CE century. It contains 30 mostly full-page miniatures in fine Mughal style by at least two different artists. Another major fragment of this work (57 folios) is in the State Museum of Eastern Cultures, Moscow.

Illuminated Manuscript Koran, Walters Art Museum Ms. W.562, fol. 13a

A leaf from an elegantly calligraphed and illuminated large codex containing a part of the Qur'an with the suras 78 through 114 and executed probably in Iran in the 9th AH / 15th CE century. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=40834. A leaf from an elegantly calligraphed and illuminated large codex containing a part of the Qur'an with the suras 78 through 114 and executed probably in Iran in the 9th AH / 15th CE century. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=40834

Illuminated Manuscript Walters Art Museum Ms. W.559, fol. 3a

The incipit page from an illuminated codex of the Koran (Qur’an) with Persian interlinear translation, executed in 723 AH / 1323 CE by Mubārakshāh ibn Quṭb, one of the six pupils of the famed calligrapher Yāqūt al-Mustaʿṣimī (d. 698 AH / 1298 CE). See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=38669. The incipit page from an illuminated codex of the Koran (Qur’an) with Persian interlinear translation, executed in 723 AH / 1323 CE by Mubārakshāh ibn Quṭb, one of the six pupils of the famed calligrapher Yāqūt al-Mustaʿṣimī (d. 698 AH / 1298 CE). See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=38669

Burning and melting, Young Hindu girl before the Mughal Emperor Akbar, Walters Manuscript W.649, fol. 16a

The Mughal Emperor Akbar attempts to dissuade the young Hindu girl from committing sati (self-immolation). An elegantly calligraphed, illuminated and illustrated copy of the poem Sūz va gudāz ('Burning and melting') by Nawʿī Khabūshānī (d.1019 AH /1610 CE) which recounts the love story of a Hindu girl who decides to burn herself on the pyre of her betrothed killed accidentally just before their marriage. The present codex was penned by Ibn Sayyid Murād al-Ḥusaynī and illustrated by Muḥammad ʿAlī Mashhadī in 1068 AH / 1657 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=30391. The Mughal Emperor Akbar attempts to dissuade the young Hindu girl from committing sati (self-immolation). An elegantly calligraphed, illuminated and illustrated copy of the poem Sūz va gudāz ('Burning and melting') by Nawʿī Khabūshānī (d.1019 AH /1610 CE) which recounts the love story of a Hindu girl who decides to burn herself on the pyre of her betrothed killed accidentally just before their marriage. The present codex was penned by Ibn Sayyid Murād al-Ḥusaynī and illustrated by Muḥammad ʿAlī Mashhadī in 1068 AH / 1657 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=30391

Burning and melting, Bridegroom is buried under a collapsed building, Walters Manuscript W.649, fol. 13a

On the morning the young man and woman were to be wed, the bridegroom travels to the home of his beloved. On his way, he stops to rest in a mud building. As a result of heavy rains, the structure falls and buries the bridegroom and his companions alive. An elegantly calligraphed, illuminated and illustrated copy of the poem Sūz va gudāz ('Burning and melting') by Nawʿī Khabūshānī (d.1019 AH /1610 CE) which recounts the love story of a Hindu girl who decides to burn herself on the pyre of her betrothed killed accidentally just before their marriage. The present codex was penned by Ibn Sayyid Murād al-Ḥusaynī and illustrated by Muḥammad ʿAlī Mashhadī in 1068 AH / 1657 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=30391. On the morning the young man and woman were to be wed, the bridegroom travels to the home of his beloved. On his way, he stops to rest in a mud building. As a result of heavy rains, the structure falls and buries the bridegroom and his companions alive. An elegantly calligraphed, illuminated and illustrated copy of the poem Sūz va gudāz ('Burning and melting') by Nawʿī Khabūshānī (d.1019 AH /1610 CE) which recounts the love story of a Hindu girl who decides to burn herself on the pyre of her betrothed killed accidentally just before their marriage. The present codex was penned by Ibn Sayyid Murād al-Ḥusaynī and illustrated by Muḥammad ʿAlī Mashhadī in 1068 AH / 1657 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=30391

Illuminated Manuscript of a work on the duties of Muslims towards the Prophet with an account of his life, Walters Art Museum, Ms

The Incipit page with a w-shaped headpiece and gilt frame of an illuminated copy of the popular work on the duties of Muslims towards the Prophet Muhammad, known as al-Shifāʾ, by ʿIyāḍ al-Yaḥṣūbī (d. 544 AH / 1149 CE). This codex with gilt edges and a typical Turkish binding was executed by Salīm al-Rashīd in 1191 AH / 1777 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=11962. The Incipit page with a w-shaped headpiece and gilt frame of an illuminated copy of the popular work on the duties of Muslims towards the Prophet Muhammad, known as al-Shifāʾ, by ʿIyāḍ al-Yaḥṣūbī (d. 544 AH / 1149 CE). This codex with gilt edges and a typical Turkish binding was executed by Salīm al-Rashīd in 1191 AH / 1777 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=11962

Collection of poems (divan), Double-page illuminated frontispiece, Walters Manuscript W.636, fol. 2b

An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures. This is the right side of a double-page illuminated frontispiece with the doxological formula (basmalah) inscribed in the cartouche. The palette is typical for illuminated manuscripts from Kashmir during this period. An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures. This is the right side of a double-page illuminated frontispiece with the doxological formula (basmalah) inscribed in the cartouche. The palette is typical for illuminated manuscripts from Kashmir during this period.

Collection of poems (masnavi), Walters Art Museum Ms. W.625, fol. 1a

Medallion filled with gilt. Leaf from an elegantly calligraphed and illuminated copy of the collection of poems, known as Mas̱navī-i maʿnavī, by Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī (d.672 AH / 1273 CE). This codex was penned by Aḥmad ibn Ḥājjī Abī Bakr al-Kātib in 865 AH / 1461 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=22125. Medallion filled with gilt. Leaf from an elegantly calligraphed and illuminated copy of the collection of poems, known as Mas̱navī-i maʿnavī, by Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī (d.672 AH / 1273 CE). This codex was penned by Aḥmad ibn Ḥājjī Abī Bakr al-Kātib in 865 AH / 1461 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=22125

Burning and melting, Youth confesses his falling in love to his father, Walters Manuscript W.649, fol. 9a

Set in India, the story begins with a young Hindu man confessing his strong love for his childhood friend to his father. His father consents to the young man’s request to marry and sends a message to the girl’s parents. An elegantly calligraphed, illuminated and illustrated copy of the poem Sūz va gudāz ('Burning and melting') by Nawʿī Khabūshānī (d.1019 AH /1610 CE) which recounts the love story of a Hindu girl who decides to burn herself on the pyre of her betrothed killed accidentally just before their marriage. The present codex was penned by Ibn Sayyid Murād al-Ḥusaynī and illustrated by Muḥammad ʿAlī Mashhadī in 1068 AH / 1657 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=30391. Set in India, the story begins with a young Hindu man confessing his strong love for his childhood friend to his father. His father consents to the young man’s request to marry and sends a message to the girl’s parents. An elegantly calligraphed, illuminated and illustrated copy of the poem Sūz va gudāz ('Burning and melting') by Nawʿī Khabūshānī (d.1019 AH /1610 CE) which recounts the love story of a Hindu girl who decides to burn herself on the pyre of her betrothed killed accidentally just before their marriage. The present codex was penned by Ibn Sayyid Murād al-Ḥusaynī and illustrated by Muḥammad ʿAlī Mashhadī in 1068 AH / 1657 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=30391

Illuminated Manuscript of Five Poems (Quintet), Walters Art Museum Ms. W.605, fol. 21b

An elegant copy of the "Quintet" (Khamsah) of Niẓāmī Ganjavī (d.605 AH / 1209 CE) penned by Abū Bakr Shāh ibn Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Shahrastānī and illuminated by Jamāl al-Dīn ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣiddīqī al-Iṣfahānī between 892 AH / 1486 CE and 900 AH / 1494-05 CE. The present codex, opening with a double-page decoration and the inscription giving the name of the author and the title of the work,contains four additional illuminated headpieces with the names of the individual books and 26 repainted miniatures. The page depicts King Nūshirvān hunting with Dastūr his vizier. An elegant copy of the "Quintet" (Khamsah) of Niẓāmī Ganjavī (d.605 AH / 1209 CE) penned by Abū Bakr Shāh ibn Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Shahrastānī and illuminated by Jamāl al-Dīn ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣiddīqī al-Iṣfahānī between 892 AH / 1486 CE and 900 AH / 1494-05 CE. The present codex, opening with a double-page decoration and the inscription giving the name of the author and the title of the work,contains four additional illuminated headpieces with the names of the individual books and 26 repainted miniatures. The page depicts King Nūshirvān hunting with Dastūr his vizier.

Illuminated Manuscript Koran, The left side of a double-page illuminated frontispiece, Walters Art Museum Ms. W.569, fol. 2a

An illuminated large size copy of the Koran (Qur'an) produced in the 11th century AH / 17th CE in Iran. Apart from using a number of scripts, such as naskh, muḥaqqaq and tawqīʿ, this codex features six pairs of decorated pages, two illuminated headpieces, as well as illuminated chapter headings, cloud-bands, and marginal decoration. The black morocco binding has a central piece in the form of a diamond with pendants on four sides. The inner covers, having a traditional dentelle decoration, features text from the "the verse of the throne" (āyat al-kursī), which is inscribed in the outer frame. The left side of a double-page illuminated frontispiece with inscriptions in gold tawqīʿ. An illuminated large size copy of the Koran (Qur'an) produced in the 11th century AH / 17th CE in Iran. Apart from using a number of scripts, such as naskh, muḥaqqaq and tawqīʿ, this codex features six pairs of decorated pages, two illuminated headpieces, as well as illuminated chapter headings, cloud-bands, and marginal decoration. The black morocco binding has a central piece in the form of a diamond with pendants on four sides. The inner covers, having a traditional dentelle decoration, features text from the "the verse of the throne" (āyat al-kursī), which is inscribed in the outer frame. The left side of a double-page illuminated frontispiece with inscriptions in gold tawqīʿ

Illuminated Manuscript of Five Poems (Quintet), Walters Art Museum Ms. W.605, fol. 138a

An elegant copy of the "Quintet" (Khamsah) of Niẓāmī Ganjavī (d.605 AH / 1209 CE) penned by Abū Bakr Shāh ibn Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Shahrastānī and illuminated by Jamāl al-Dīn ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣiddīqī al-Iṣfahānī between 892 AH / 1486 CE and 900 AH / 1494-05 CE. The present codex, opening with a double-page decoration and the inscription giving the name of the author and the title of the work,contains four additional illuminated headpieces with the names of the individual books and 26 repainted miniatures. The page depicts Bahrām Gūr killing a dragon. An elegant copy of the "Quintet" (Khamsah) of Niẓāmī Ganjavī (d.605 AH / 1209 CE) penned by Abū Bakr Shāh ibn Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Shahrastānī and illuminated by Jamāl al-Dīn ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣiddīqī al-Iṣfahānī between 892 AH / 1486 CE and 900 AH / 1494-05 CE. The present codex, opening with a double-page decoration and the inscription giving the name of the author and the title of the work,contains four additional illuminated headpieces with the names of the individual books and 26 repainted miniatures. The page depicts Bahrām Gūr killing a dragon.

Illuminated Manuscript Koran, Decorated incipit page with a headpiece introducing chapter 18, Sūrat al-kahf, Walters Art Museum

An illuminated large size copy of the Koran (Qur'an) produced in the 11th century AH / 17th CE in Iran. Apart from using a number of scripts, such as naskh, muḥaqqaq and tawqīʿ, this codex features six pairs of decorated pages, two illuminated headpieces, as well as illuminated chapter headings, cloud-bands, and marginal decoration. The black morocco binding has a central piece in the form of a diamond with pendants on four sides. The inner covers, having a traditional dentelle decoration, features text from the "the verse of the throne" (āyat al-kursī), which is inscribed in the outer frame. This is a decorated incipit page with illuminated headpiece introducing chapter 18, Sūrat al-kahf. An illuminated large size copy of the Koran (Qur'an) produced in the 11th century AH / 17th CE in Iran. Apart from using a number of scripts, such as naskh, muḥaqqaq and tawqīʿ, this codex features six pairs of decorated pages, two illuminated headpieces, as well as illuminated chapter headings, cloud-bands, and marginal decoration. The black morocco binding has a central piece in the form of a diamond with pendants on four sides. The inner covers, having a traditional dentelle decoration, features text from the "the verse of the throne" (āyat al-kursī), which is inscribed in the outer frame. This is a decorated incipit page with illuminated headpiece introducing chapter 18, Sūrat al-kahf.

Illuminated Manuscript Koran, Illuminated page with the verses from the end of chapter 17 ( Sūrat Banī Isrāʾīl), Wa

An illuminated large size copy of the Koran (Qur'an) produced in the 11th century AH / 17th CE in Iran. Apart from using a number of scripts, such as naskh, muḥaqqaq and tawqīʿ, this codex features six pairs of decorated pages, two illuminated headpieces, as well as illuminated chapter headings, cloud-bands, and marginal decoration. The black morocco binding has a central piece in the form of a diamond with pendants on four sides. The inner covers, having a traditional dentelle decoration, features text from the "the verse of the throne" (āyat al-kursī), which is inscribed in the outer frame. Beautifully illuminated page with verses from the end of chapter 17 ( Sūrat Banī Isrāʾīl) inscribed in the centerpiece in white muḥaqqaq script. An illuminated large size copy of the Koran (Qur'an) produced in the 11th century AH / 17th CE in Iran. Apart from using a number of scripts, such as naskh, muḥaqqaq and tawqīʿ, this codex features six pairs of decorated pages, two illuminated headpieces, as well as illuminated chapter headings, cloud-bands, and marginal decoration. The black morocco binding has a central piece in the form of a diamond with pendants on four sides. The inner covers, having a traditional dentelle decoration, features text from the "the verse of the throne" (āyat al-kursī), which is inscribed in the outer frame. Beautifully illuminated page with verses from the end of chapter 17 ( Sūrat Banī Isrāʾīl) inscribed in the centerpiece in white muḥaqqaq script.

Illuminated Manuscript Koran, The right side of a double-page opening inscribed with verses of the first chapter (Sūrat al-

An illuminated large size copy of the Koran (Qur'an) produced in the 11th century AH / 17th CE in Iran. Apart from using a number of scripts, such as naskh, muḥaqqaq and tawqīʿ, this codex features six pairs of decorated pages, two illuminated headpieces, as well as illuminated chapter headings, cloud-bands, and marginal decoration. The black morocco binding has a central piece in the form of a diamond with pendants on four sides. The inner covers, having a traditional dentelle decoration, features text from the "the verse of the throne" (āyat al-kursī), which is inscribed in the outer frame. The right side of a double-page opening decoration containing the text of the first chapter (Sūrat al-fātiḥah) inscribed in the center medallion in gold muḥaqqaq script on a blue background. An illuminated large size copy of the Koran (Qur'an) produced in the 11th century AH / 17th CE in Iran. Apart from using a number of scripts, such as naskh, muḥaqqaq and tawqīʿ, this codex features six pairs of decorated pages, two illuminated headpieces, as well as illuminated chapter headings, cloud-bands, and marginal decoration. The black morocco binding has a central piece in the form of a diamond with pendants on four sides. The inner covers, having a traditional dentelle decoration, features text from the "the verse of the throne" (āyat al-kursī), which is inscribed in the outer frame. The right side of a double-page opening decoration containing the text of the first chapter (Sūrat al-fātiḥah) inscribed in the center medallion in gold muḥaqqaq script on a blue background.

Collection of poems (divan), Jacob, in the company of his sons, longs to hear news of Joseph, Walters Manuscript W.636

An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures. An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures.

Illuminated Manuscript Koran, Walters Art Museum Ms. W.569, fol. 331b

An illuminated large size copy of the Koran (Qur'an) produced in the 11th century AH / 17th CE in Iran. Apart from using a number of scripts, such as naskh, muḥaqqaq and tawqīʿ, this codex features six pairs of decorated pages, two illuminated headpieces, as well as illuminated chapter headings, cloud-bands, and marginal decoration. The black morocco binding has a central piece in the form of a diamond with pendants on four sides. The inner covers, having a traditional dentelle decoration, features text from the "the verse of the throne" (āyat al-kursī), which is inscribed in the outer frame. Richly decorated page with a prayer to be recited at the end of the Qur'anic text. The prayer is inscribed in the center medallion in white muḥaqqaq script. An illuminated large size copy of the Koran (Qur'an) produced in the 11th century AH / 17th CE in Iran. Apart from using a number of scripts, such as naskh, muḥaqqaq and tawqīʿ, this codex features six pairs of decorated pages, two illuminated headpieces, as well as illuminated chapter headings, cloud-bands, and marginal decoration. The black morocco binding has a central piece in the form of a diamond with pendants on four sides. The inner covers, having a traditional dentelle decoration, features text from the "the verse of the throne" (āyat al-kursī), which is inscribed in the outer frame. Richly decorated page with a prayer to be recited at the end of the Qur'anic text. The prayer is inscribed in the center medallion in white muḥaqqaq script.

Illuminated Manuscript, Poem (masnavi), Walters Art Museum Ms. W.642, fol. 2a

This is a copy of the well-known poem (mas̱navī) Subḥat al-abrār ('The Rosary of the Righteous') by Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Aḥmad Jāmī (d. 898 AH / 1492 CE). Penned in nastaʿlīq script by Ḥaydar al-Ḥusaynī in 965 AH / 1557-8 CE, the codex opens with an illuminated double-page inscribed with the title and author's name. The text area of later pages are framed by decorated borders and gold-sprinkled margins. The binding is contemporary with the textblock. The left side of an illuminated double-page incipit with the top panel inscribed with the author's name in white tawqīʿ/riqāʿ script on gold background. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=6402. This is a copy of the well-known poem (mas̱navī) Subḥat al-abrār ('The Rosary of the Righteous') by Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Aḥmad Jāmī (d. 898 AH / 1492 CE). Penned in nastaʿlīq script by Ḥaydar al-Ḥusaynī in 965 AH / 1557-8 CE, the codex opens with an illuminated double-page inscribed with the title and author's name. The text area of later pages are framed by decorated borders and gold-sprinkled margins. The binding is contemporary with the textblock. The left side of an illuminated double-page incipit with the top panel inscribed with the author's name in white tawqīʿ/riqāʿ script on gold background. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=6402

Illuminated Manuscript, Poem (masnavi), Walters Art Museum Ms. W.642, fol. 1a

This is a copy of the well-known poem (mas̱navī) Subḥat al-abrār ('The Rosary of the Righteous') by Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Aḥmad Jāmī (d. 898 AH / 1492 CE). Penned in nastaʿlīq script by Ḥaydar al-Ḥusaynī in 965 AH / 1557-8 CE, the codex opens with an illuminated double-page inscribed with the title and author's name. The text area of later pages are framed by decorated borders and gold-sprinkled margins. The binding is contemporary with the textblock. The right side of an illuminated double-page incipit with the top panel inscribed with the title of the poem in white tawqīʿ/riqāʿ script on gold background. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=6402. This is a copy of the well-known poem (mas̱navī) Subḥat al-abrār ('The Rosary of the Righteous') by Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Aḥmad Jāmī (d. 898 AH / 1492 CE). Penned in nastaʿlīq script by Ḥaydar al-Ḥusaynī in 965 AH / 1557-8 CE, the codex opens with an illuminated double-page inscribed with the title and author's name. The text area of later pages are framed by decorated borders and gold-sprinkled margins. The binding is contemporary with the textblock. The right side of an illuminated double-page incipit with the top panel inscribed with the title of the poem in white tawqīʿ/riqāʿ script on gold background. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=6402

Illuminated Manuscript Koran, The left side of a double page of a table of divination (bibliomancy or tafa'ul), Wa

An illuminated large size copy of the Koran (Qur'an) produced in the 11th century AH / 17th CE in Iran. Apart from using a number of scripts, such as naskh, muḥaqqaq and tawqīʿ, this codex features six pairs of decorated pages, two illuminated headpieces, as well as illuminated chapter headings, cloud-bands, and marginal decoration. The black morocco binding has a central piece in the form of a diamond with pendants on four sides. The inner covers, having a traditional dentelle decoration, features text from the "the verse of the throne" (āyat al-kursī), which is inscribed in the outer frame. The left side of a table of divination (bibliomancy or tafa'ul) in Arabic executed in tawqīʿ and Persian in nastaʿlīq scripts. An illuminated large size copy of the Koran (Qur'an) produced in the 11th century AH / 17th CE in Iran. Apart from using a number of scripts, such as naskh, muḥaqqaq and tawqīʿ, this codex features six pairs of decorated pages, two illuminated headpieces, as well as illuminated chapter headings, cloud-bands, and marginal decoration. The black morocco binding has a central piece in the form of a diamond with pendants on four sides. The inner covers, having a traditional dentelle decoration, features text from the "the verse of the throne" (āyat al-kursī), which is inscribed in the outer frame. The left side of a table of divination (bibliomancy or tafa'ul) in Arabic executed in tawqīʿ and Persian in nastaʿlīq scripts.

Illuminated Manuscript Koran, The right side of an illuminated double-page frontispiece, Walters Art Museum Ms. W.569, fol. 1b

An illuminated large size copy of the Koran (Qur'an) produced in the 11th century AH / 17th CE in Iran. Apart from using a number of scripts, such as naskh, muḥaqqaq and tawqīʿ, this codex features six pairs of decorated pages, two illuminated headpieces, as well as illuminated chapter headings, cloud-bands, and marginal decoration. The black morocco binding has a central piece in the form of a diamond with pendants on four sides. The inner covers, having a traditional dentelle decoration, features text from the "the verse of the throne" (āyat al-kursī), which is inscribed in the outer frame. The right side of a decorated double-page frontispiece with inscriptions in gold tawqīʿ script. The upper and lower panels contain verses 77-78 from chapter 56, while the center piece is inscribed with verse 88 of chapter 17. An illuminated large size copy of the Koran (Qur'an) produced in the 11th century AH / 17th CE in Iran. Apart from using a number of scripts, such as naskh, muḥaqqaq and tawqīʿ, this codex features six pairs of decorated pages, two illuminated headpieces, as well as illuminated chapter headings, cloud-bands, and marginal decoration. The black morocco binding has a central piece in the form of a diamond with pendants on four sides. The inner covers, having a traditional dentelle decoration, features text from the "the verse of the throne" (āyat al-kursī), which is inscribed in the outer frame. The right side of a decorated double-page frontispiece with inscriptions in gold tawqīʿ script. The upper and lower panels contain verses 77-78 from chapter 56, while the center piece is inscribed with verse 88 of chapter 17

Illuminated Manuscript of a work on the duties of Muslims towards the Prophet with an account of his life, Original binding, Walte

The Incipit page with a w-shaped headpiece and gilt frame of an illuminated copy of the popular work on the duties of Muslims towards the Prophet Muhammad, known as al-Shifāʾ, by ʿIyāḍ al-Yaḥṣūbī (d. 544 AH / 1149 CE). This codex with gilt edges and a typical Turkish binding was executed by Salīm al-Rashīd in 1191 AH / 1777 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=11962. The Incipit page with a w-shaped headpiece and gilt frame of an illuminated copy of the popular work on the duties of Muslims towards the Prophet Muhammad, known as al-Shifāʾ, by ʿIyāḍ al-Yaḥṣūbī (d. 544 AH / 1149 CE). This codex with gilt edges and a typical Turkish binding was executed by Salīm al-Rashīd in 1191 AH / 1777 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=11962

Collection of poems (divan), Ḥāfiẓ at the court of Sultan Ghiyās̱ al-Dīn, Walters Manuscript W.636, fol. 101b

An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures. An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures.

Collection of poems (divan), Ḥāfiẓ taken by the beauty of a young woman, Walters Manuscript W.636, fol. 141a

An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures. An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures.

Collection of poems (divan), King Solomon seated on his throne carried by demons, Walters Manuscript W.636, fol. 125a

An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures. An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures.

Illuminated Manuscript of Five Poems (Quintet), Walters Art Museum Ms. W.605, fol. 73b

An elegant copy of the "Quintet" (Khamsah) of Niẓāmī Ganjavī (d.605 AH / 1209 CE) penned by Abū Bakr Shāh ibn Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Shahrastānī and illuminated by Jamāl al-Dīn ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣiddīqī al-Iṣfahānī between 892 AH / 1486 CE and 900 AH / 1494-05 CE. The present codex, opening with a double-page decoration and the inscription giving the name of the author and the title of the work,contains four additional illuminated headpieces with the names of the individual books and 26 repainted miniatures. The page depicts Laylá in a garden in the company of young women. An elegant copy of the "Quintet" (Khamsah) of Niẓāmī Ganjavī (d.605 AH / 1209 CE) penned by Abū Bakr Shāh ibn Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Shahrastānī and illuminated by Jamāl al-Dīn ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣiddīqī al-Iṣfahānī between 892 AH / 1486 CE and 900 AH / 1494-05 CE. The present codex, opening with a double-page decoration and the inscription giving the name of the author and the title of the work,contains four additional illuminated headpieces with the names of the individual books and 26 repainted miniatures. The page depicts Laylá in a garden in the company of young women.

Collection of poems (divan), Ḥāfiẓ at a party with his friends, Walters Manuscript W.636, fol. 78b

An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures. An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures.

Collection of poems (divan), King Solomon and the hoopoe who brought news from Queen Sheba, Walters Manuscript W.636, fo

An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures. An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures.

Collection of poems (divan), Ḥāfiẓ and a tavern keeper, Walters Manuscript W.636, fol. 95b

An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures. An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures.

Illuminated Manuscript of Five Poems (Quintet), Walters Art Museum Ms. W.605, fol. 257a

An elegant copy of the "Quintet" (Khamsah) of Niẓāmī Ganjavī (d.605 AH / 1209 CE) penned by Abū Bakr Shāh ibn Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Shahrastānī and illuminated by Jamāl al-Dīn ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣiddīqī al-Iṣfahānī between 892 AH / 1486 CE and 900 AH / 1494-05 CE. The present codex, opening with a double-page decoration and the inscription giving the name of the author and the title of the work,contains four additional illuminated headpieces with the names of the individual books and 26 repainted miniatures. The page depicts Bahrām Gūr killing a dragon. An elegant copy of the "Quintet" (Khamsah) of Niẓāmī Ganjavī (d.605 AH / 1209 CE) penned by Abū Bakr Shāh ibn Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Shahrastānī and illuminated by Jamāl al-Dīn ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣiddīqī al-Iṣfahānī between 892 AH / 1486 CE and 900 AH / 1494-05 CE. The present codex, opening with a double-page decoration and the inscription giving the name of the author and the title of the work,contains four additional illuminated headpieces with the names of the individual books and 26 repainted miniatures. The page depicts Bahrām Gūr killing a dragon.

Illuminated Manuscript of Five Poems (Quintet), Walters Art Museum Ms. W.605, fol. 211b

An elegant copy of the "Quintet" (Khamsah) of Niẓāmī Ganjavī (d.605 AH / 1209 CE) penned by Abū Bakr Shāh ibn Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Shahrastānī and illuminated by Jamāl al-Dīn ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣiddīqī al-Iṣfahānī between 892 AH / 1486 CE and 900 AH / 1494-05 CE. The present codex, opening with a double-page decoration and the inscription giving the name of the author and the title of the work,contains four additional illuminated headpieces with the names of the individual books and 26 repainted miniatures. The page depicts The incipit page with the headpiece and an inscription in gold ink Kitāb-i Khusraw va Shīrīn. An elegant copy of the "Quintet" (Khamsah) of Niẓāmī Ganjavī (d.605 AH / 1209 CE) penned by Abū Bakr Shāh ibn Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Shahrastānī and illuminated by Jamāl al-Dīn ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣiddīqī al-Iṣfahānī between 892 AH / 1486 CE and 900 AH / 1494-05 CE. The present codex, opening with a double-page decoration and the inscription giving the name of the author and the title of the work,contains four additional illuminated headpieces with the names of the individual books and 26 repainted miniatures. The page depicts The incipit page with the headpiece and an inscription in gold ink Kitāb-i Khusraw va Shīrīn.

Collection of poems (divan), Moses, holding a fiery rod, comes to meet his future wife, Walters Manuscript W.636, fol. 5

An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures. An illustrated copy of the collection of poems (Dīvān) by Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiz al-Shīrāzī who flourished in the 7th AH / 14th CE century. The present codex was copied by Mullā Muḥammad Qāsim Hamadānī in 1210 AH /1796 CE in India and contains 48 miniatures.

Illuminated Manuscript Koran, Left side of a double-page opening with verses of the first chapter (Sūrat al-fātiḥah&#x29

An illuminated large size copy of the Koran (Qur'an) produced in the 11th century AH / 17th CE in Iran. Apart from using a number of scripts, such as naskh, muḥaqqaq and tawqīʿ, this codex features six pairs of decorated pages, two illuminated headpieces, as well as illuminated chapter headings, cloud-bands, and marginal decoration. The black morocco binding has a central piece in the form of a diamond with pendants on four sides. The inner covers, having a traditional dentelle decoration, features text from the "the verse of the throne" (āyat al-kursī), which is inscribed in the outer frame. The left side of a double-page opening decoration containing the text of the first chapter (Sūrat al-fātiḥah) inscribed in the center medallion in gold muḥaqqaq script on a blue background. An illuminated large size copy of the Koran (Qur'an) produced in the 11th century AH / 17th CE in Iran. Apart from using a number of scripts, such as naskh, muḥaqqaq and tawqīʿ, this codex features six pairs of decorated pages, two illuminated headpieces, as well as illuminated chapter headings, cloud-bands, and marginal decoration. The black morocco binding has a central piece in the form of a diamond with pendants on four sides. The inner covers, having a traditional dentelle decoration, features text from the "the verse of the throne" (āyat al-kursī), which is inscribed in the outer frame. The left side of a double-page opening decoration containing the text of the first chapter (Sūrat al-fātiḥah) inscribed in the center medallion in gold muḥaqqaq script on a blue background.

Burning and melting, Prince Dāniyāl accompanies the young Hindu girl to the funeral pyre, Walters Manuscript W.649, fol. 17b

Emperor Akbar eventually permits the young Hindu girl to practice sati (self-immolation). Akbar's son, Prince Dāniyāl, accompanies the woman to the funeral pyre. An elegantly calligraphed, illuminated and illustrated copy of the poem Sūz va gudāz ('Burning and melting') by Nawʿī Khabūshānī (d.1019 AH /1610 CE) which recounts the love story of a Hindu girl who decides to burn herself on the pyre of her betrothed killed accidentally just before their marriage. The present codex was penned by Ibn Sayyid Murād al-Ḥusaynī and illustrated by Muḥammad ʿAlī Mashhadī in 1068 AH / 1657 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=30391. Emperor Akbar eventually permits the young Hindu girl to practice sati (self-immolation). Akbar's son, Prince Dāniyāl, accompanies the woman to the funeral pyre. An elegantly calligraphed, illuminated and illustrated copy of the poem Sūz va gudāz ('Burning and melting') by Nawʿī Khabūshānī (d.1019 AH /1610 CE) which recounts the love story of a Hindu girl who decides to burn herself on the pyre of her betrothed killed accidentally just before their marriage. The present codex was penned by Ibn Sayyid Murād al-Ḥusaynī and illustrated by Muḥammad ʿAlī Mashhadī in 1068 AH / 1657 CE. See this manuscript page by page at the Walters Art Museum website: art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=30391

Five poems (quintet), King Solomon and two demons, Walters Manuscript W.624, fol. 94b detail

This is a deluxe copy of the Quintet (Khamsah) of Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī (d.725 AH /1325 CE). Although now incomplete, this manuscript was penned in nastaʿlīq script by the famous late 16th century Mughal calligrapher Muḥammad Ḥusayn Zarrīn Qalam al-Kashmīrī and decorated by a number of illuminators and painters. Its illustrations are signed by eleven painters: Laʿl (Lāl), Manūhar, Sānwalah, Farrukh, Alīqulī, Dharamdās, Narsing, Jagannāth, Miskīnā, Mukund, and Sūrdās Gujarātī. On the other hand, its headpieces and a medallion are inscribed with the names of Ḥusayn Naqqāsh, Manṣūr Naqqāsh, Khvājah Jān Shīrāzī, and Luṭf Allāh Muẕahhib. The codex has beautifully decorated borders with vegetal, bird, animal motifs and human figures. The figures are portrayed in various traditional activities such as praying, reading and hunting. This illustration depicts the story of two divs (demons) who, out of boredom, wreak havoc on the world. Recognizing the dangers of idleness, the wise King Solomon consigns them to a life of futile activity: filling the sea with sand and the desert with water. The inscription naming the artist ‘Ali Quli is composed in red ink at the bottom of the page. This is a deluxe copy of the Quintet (Khamsah) of Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī (d.725 AH /1325 CE). Although now incomplete, this manuscript was penned in nastaʿlīq script by the famous late 16th century Mughal calligrapher Muḥammad Ḥusayn Zarrīn Qalam al-Kashmīrī and decorated by a number of illuminators and painters. Its illustrations are signed by eleven painters: Laʿl (Lāl), Manūhar, Sānwalah, Farrukh, Alīqulī, Dharamdās, Narsing, Jagannāth, Miskīnā, Mukund, and Sūrdās Gujarātī. On the other hand, its headpieces and a medallion are inscribed with the names of Ḥusayn Naqqāsh, Manṣūr Naqqāsh, Khvājah Jān Shīrāzī, and Luṭf Allāh Muẕahhib. The codex has beautifully decorated borders with vegetal, bird, animal motifs and human figures. The figures are portrayed in various traditional activities such as praying, reading and hunting. This illustration depicts the story of two divs (demons) who, out of boredom, wreak havoc on the world. Recognizing the dangers of idleness, the wise King Solomon consigns them to a life of futile activity: filling the sea with sand and the desert with water. The inscription naming the artist ‘Ali Quli is composed in red ink at the bottom of the page.

Gospel Book, Original treasure binding, Walters Manuscript W.540, Upper board outside

Upper and lower boards made of wood and covered with goatskin, with a rectangular goatskin flap attached to the lower board to protect the fore-edge; two silver plaques have been attached to the upper and lower boards and are joined across the spine through use of 3 sets of 5 silver chains; upper-board silver plaque depicts the Adoration of the Magi in a central, rectangular field, with the figures and decorative elements in repoussé and gilded, with carefully incised details and blue, green, and yellow enamel employed for spatial and decorative effects; outer border is filled with grape-cluster motifs within a green-enamel background and semi-precious gems in the shape of rosettes and crosses; lower-board silver plaque incorporates the same decorative elements and design as the upper-board, but the central scene depicts the Ascension of Christ, with the heavenly background filled in with a marbled white enamel and the earthly background below in blue; inner boards lined with blue linen. This manuscript was executed in 1475 by a scribe identified as Aristakes, for a priest named Hakob. It contains a series of 16 images on the life of Christ preceding the text of the gospels, as well as the traditional evangelist portraits, and there are marginal illustrations throughout. The style of the miniatures, which employ brilliant colors and emphasize decorative patterns, is characteristic of manuscript production in the region around Lake Van during the 15th century. The style of Lake Van has often been described in relation to schools of Islamic arts of the book. Numerous inscriptions (on fols. 258-60) spanning a few centuries attest to the manuscript's long history of use and revered preservation. The codex's later history included a re-binding with silver covers from Kayseri that date to approximately 1700. This jeweled and enameled silver binding bears a composition of the Adoration of the Magi on the front and the Ascension on the back. Upper and lower boards made of wood and covered with goatskin, with a rectangular goatskin flap attached to the lower board to protect the fore-edge; two silver plaques have been attached to the upper and lower boards and are joined across the spine through use of 3 sets of 5 silver chains; upper-board silver plaque depicts the Adoration of the Magi in a central, rectangular field, with the figures and decorative elements in repoussé and gilded, with carefully incised details and blue, green, and yellow enamel employed for spatial and decorative effects; outer border is filled with grape-cluster motifs within a green-enamel background and semi-precious gems in the shape of rosettes and crosses; lower-board silver plaque incorporates the same decorative elements and design as the upper-board, but the central scene depicts the Ascension of Christ, with the heavenly background filled in with a marbled white enamel and the earthly background below in blue; inner boards lined with blue linen. This manuscript was executed in 1475 by a scribe identified as Aristakes, for a priest named Hakob. It contains a series of 16 images on the life of Christ preceding the text of the gospels, as well as the traditional evangelist portraits, and there are marginal illustrations throughout. The style of the miniatures, which employ brilliant colors and emphasize decorative patterns, is characteristic of manuscript production in the region around Lake Van during the 15th century. The style of Lake Van has often been described in relation to schools of Islamic arts of the book. Numerous inscriptions (on fols. 258-60) spanning a few centuries attest to the manuscript's long history of use and revered preservation. The codex's later history included a re-binding with silver covers from Kayseri that date to approximately 1700. This jeweled and enameled silver binding bears a composition of the Adoration of the Magi on the front and the Ascension on the back.

Gospel Book, Holy Women at the Tomb of Christ, Walters Manuscript W.540, fol. 13r

This manuscript was executed in 1475 by a scribe identified as Aristakes, for a priest named Hakob. It contains a series of 16 images on the life of Christ preceding the text of the gospels, as well as the traditional evangelist portraits, and there are marginal illustrations throughout. The style of the miniatures, which employ brilliant colors and emphasize decorative patterns, is characteristic of manuscript production in the region around Lake Van during the 15th century. The style of Lake Van has often been described in relation to schools of Islamic arts of the book. Numerous inscriptions (on fols. 258-60) spanning a few centuries attest to the manuscript's long history of use and revered preservation. The codex's later history included a re-binding with silver covers from Kayseri that date to approximately 1700. This jeweled and enameled silver binding bears a composition of the Adoration of the Magi on the front and the Ascension on the back. This manuscript was executed in 1475 by a scribe identified as Aristakes, for a priest named Hakob. It contains a series of 16 images on the life of Christ preceding the text of the gospels, as well as the traditional evangelist portraits, and there are marginal illustrations throughout. The style of the miniatures, which employ brilliant colors and emphasize decorative patterns, is characteristic of manuscript production in the region around Lake Van during the 15th century. The style of Lake Van has often been described in relation to schools of Islamic arts of the book. Numerous inscriptions (on fols. 258-60) spanning a few centuries attest to the manuscript's long history of use and revered preservation. The codex's later history included a re-binding with silver covers from Kayseri that date to approximately 1700. This jeweled and enameled silver binding bears a composition of the Adoration of the Magi on the front and the Ascension on the back.

Gospel Book, Original treasure binding, Walters Manuscript W.540, Lower board outside

Upper and lower boards made of wood and covered with goatskin, with a rectangular goatskin flap attached to the lower board to protect the fore-edge; two silver plaques have been attached to the upper and lower boards and are joined across the spine through use of 3 sets of 5 silver chains; upper-board silver plaque depicts the Adoration of the Magi in a central, rectangular field, with the figures and decorative elements in repoussé and gilded, with carefully incised details and blue, green, and yellow enamel employed for spatial and decorative effects; outer border is filled with grape-cluster motifs within a green-enamel background and semi-precious gems in the shape of rosettes and crosses; lower-board silver plaque incorporates the same decorative elements and design as the upper-board, but the central scene depicts the Ascension of Christ, with the heavenly background filled in with a marbled white enamel and the earthly background below in blue; inner boards lined with blue linen. This manuscript was executed in 1475 by a scribe identified as Aristakes, for a priest named Hakob. It contains a series of 16 images on the life of Christ preceding the text of the gospels, as well as the traditional evangelist portraits, and there are marginal illustrations throughout. The style of the miniatures, which employ brilliant colors and emphasize decorative patterns, is characteristic of manuscript production in the region around Lake Van during the 15th century. The style of Lake Van has often been described in relation to schools of Islamic arts of the book. Numerous inscriptions (on fols. 258-60) spanning a few centuries attest to the manuscript's long history of use and revered preservation. The codex's later history included a re-binding with silver covers from Kayseri that date to approximately 1700. This jeweled and enameled silver binding bears a composition of the Adoration of the Magi on the front and the Ascension on the back. Upper and lower boards made of wood and covered with goatskin, with a rectangular goatskin flap attached to the lower board to protect the fore-edge; two silver plaques have been attached to the upper and lower boards and are joined across the spine through use of 3 sets of 5 silver chains; upper-board silver plaque depicts the Adoration of the Magi in a central, rectangular field, with the figures and decorative elements in repoussé and gilded, with carefully incised details and blue, green, and yellow enamel employed for spatial and decorative effects; outer border is filled with grape-cluster motifs within a green-enamel background and semi-precious gems in the shape of rosettes and crosses; lower-board silver plaque incorporates the same decorative elements and design as the upper-board, but the central scene depicts the Ascension of Christ, with the heavenly background filled in with a marbled white enamel and the earthly background below in blue; inner boards lined with blue linen. This manuscript was executed in 1475 by a scribe identified as Aristakes, for a priest named Hakob. It contains a series of 16 images on the life of Christ preceding the text of the gospels, as well as the traditional evangelist portraits, and there are marginal illustrations throughout. The style of the miniatures, which employ brilliant colors and emphasize decorative patterns, is characteristic of manuscript production in the region around Lake Van during the 15th century. The style of Lake Van has often been described in relation to schools of Islamic arts of the book. Numerous inscriptions (on fols. 258-60) spanning a few centuries attest to the manuscript's long history of use and revered preservation. The codex's later history included a re-binding with silver covers from Kayseri that date to approximately 1700. This jeweled and enameled silver binding bears a composition of the Adoration of the Magi on the front and the Ascension on the back.

Gospel Book, Harrowing of Hell, Walters Manuscript W.540, fol. 12r

This manuscript was executed in 1475 by a scribe identified as Aristakes, for a priest named Hakob. It contains a series of 16 images on the life of Christ preceding the text of the gospels, as well as the traditional evangelist portraits, and there are marginal illustrations throughout. The style of the miniatures, which employ brilliant colors and emphasize decorative patterns, is characteristic of manuscript production in the region around Lake Van during the 15th century. The style of Lake Van has often been described in relation to schools of Islamic arts of the book. Numerous inscriptions (on fols. 258-60) spanning a few centuries attest to the manuscript's long history of use and revered preservation. The codex's later history included a re-binding with silver covers from Kayseri that date to approximately 1700. This jeweled and enameled silver binding bears a composition of the Adoration of the Magi on the front and the Ascension on the back. This manuscript was executed in 1475 by a scribe identified as Aristakes, for a priest named Hakob. It contains a series of 16 images on the life of Christ preceding the text of the gospels, as well as the traditional evangelist portraits, and there are marginal illustrations throughout. The style of the miniatures, which employ brilliant colors and emphasize decorative patterns, is characteristic of manuscript production in the region around Lake Van during the 15th century. The style of Lake Van has often been described in relation to schools of Islamic arts of the book. Numerous inscriptions (on fols. 258-60) spanning a few centuries attest to the manuscript's long history of use and revered preservation. The codex's later history included a re-binding with silver covers from Kayseri that date to approximately 1700. This jeweled and enameled silver binding bears a composition of the Adoration of the Magi on the front and the Ascension on the back.

Gospel Book, Entombment, Walters Manuscript W.540, fol. 12v

This manuscript was executed in 1475 by a scribe identified as Aristakes, for a priest named Hakob. It contains a series of 16 images on the life of Christ preceding the text of the gospels, as well as the traditional evangelist portraits, and there are marginal illustrations throughout. The style of the miniatures, which employ brilliant colors and emphasize decorative patterns, is characteristic of manuscript production in the region around Lake Van during the 15th century. The style of Lake Van has often been described in relation to schools of Islamic arts of the book. Numerous inscriptions (on fols. 258-60) spanning a few centuries attest to the manuscript's long history of use and revered preservation. The codex's later history included a re-binding with silver covers from Kayseri that date to approximately 1700. This jeweled and enameled silver binding bears a composition of the Adoration of the Magi on the front and the Ascension on the back. This manuscript was executed in 1475 by a scribe identified as Aristakes, for a priest named Hakob. It contains a series of 16 images on the life of Christ preceding the text of the gospels, as well as the traditional evangelist portraits, and there are marginal illustrations throughout. The style of the miniatures, which employ brilliant colors and emphasize decorative patterns, is characteristic of manuscript production in the region around Lake Van during the 15th century. The style of Lake Van has often been described in relation to schools of Islamic arts of the book. Numerous inscriptions (on fols. 258-60) spanning a few centuries attest to the manuscript's long history of use and revered preservation. The codex's later history included a re-binding with silver covers from Kayseri that date to approximately 1700. This jeweled and enameled silver binding bears a composition of the Adoration of the Magi on the front and the Ascension on the back.

Gospel Book, Presentation in the Temple, Walters Manuscript W.540, fol. 8v

This manuscript was executed in 1475 by a scribe identified as Aristakes, for a priest named Hakob. It contains a series of 16 images on the life of Christ preceding the text of the gospels, as well as the traditional evangelist portraits, and there are marginal illustrations throughout. The style of the miniatures, which employ brilliant colors and emphasize decorative patterns, is characteristic of manuscript production in the region around Lake Van during the 15th century. The style of Lake Van has often been described in relation to schools of Islamic arts of the book. Numerous inscriptions (on fols. 258-60) spanning a few centuries attest to the manuscript's long history of use and revered preservation. The codex's later history included a re-binding with silver covers from Kayseri that date to approximately 1700. This jeweled and enameled silver binding bears a composition of the Adoration of the Magi on the front and the Ascension on the back. This manuscript was executed in 1475 by a scribe identified as Aristakes, for a priest named Hakob. It contains a series of 16 images on the life of Christ preceding the text of the gospels, as well as the traditional evangelist portraits, and there are marginal illustrations throughout. The style of the miniatures, which employ brilliant colors and emphasize decorative patterns, is characteristic of manuscript production in the region around Lake Van during the 15th century. The style of Lake Van has often been described in relation to schools of Islamic arts of the book. Numerous inscriptions (on fols. 258-60) spanning a few centuries attest to the manuscript's long history of use and revered preservation. The codex's later history included a re-binding with silver covers from Kayseri that date to approximately 1700. This jeweled and enameled silver binding bears a composition of the Adoration of the Magi on the front and the Ascension on the back.

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